Lithium battery is the same? Lao Wang teaches you the advantages and disadvantages of car lithium battery

In other words, the old King next door test drive the Mavericks N1 electric car, has been obsessed with the lithium battery (related reading), heard that the commentary recently opened the electric car to challenge the mileage limit, after buying the dishes of the old king With the basket, I came to the commentary who just got off work, "chat" came.

Comments Jun Note: Regarding the vehicle power battery, in addition to the two mainstream lithium batteries discussed in this article, there are also common nickel-hydrogen, nickel-cadmium, lead-acid, lithium cobalt oxide and other batteries, and gradually withdraw from the main popular column (nickel hydrogen) Except for the battery, it will not be discussed. If you are really curious, you can comment on the commentary in the comments @君, comment will promptly notify Pharaoh.

"Do you know? Li Tiezhu heard that after the Mavericks N1 had an accident, he began to watch the electric car!" Pharaoh put down the basket and said: "I heard that this car does not need to shake the number now?"

"Well, I need to shake the number in Beijing, but the number of people who shake the number is less than the quota, so they are directly issued. There are also preferential policies such as exemption from taxation."

"That now says that the car is powered by a lithium battery. You also said that the battery of the Mavericks N1 is the same as that of the Tesla Model S. Is the lithium battery of the car the same? Is it the same as the battery of the mobile phone? ?"

"It's definitely not the same. Today's electric cars generally use lithium batteries as the power battery, while the Tesla Model S uses a battery pack composed of Panasonic's 18650. This single battery is larger than the usual No. 5 battery. Ternary lithium battery, and there is a mainstream lithium battery on the market called lithium iron phosphate battery, such as BYD, specializing in such batteries.

△ There is also a lithium battery called A123 on the market. This battery is actually a kind of lithium iron phosphate battery. It mainly uses nanotechnology in the manufacturing process, which increases the battery charge and discharge capacity. China Wanxiang Group acquired A123 and acquired Fisker Motors, which is based on the battery. The picture shows Fisker Karma.

"The two batteries are not all lithium batteries, but what is the difference?" asked the old king.

"Although it is a potato, but in addition to stewed potatoes, can't you make hot and sour potato?" Commentary took out a potato from the old king's vegetable basket, and then said: "These two batteries use lithium. However, with different 'garnishes' (negative materials) and 'practices' (battery management system), it is necessary to make different dishes!"

△ If the ternary lithium battery is internally short-circuited or the positive electrode material is in contact with water, an open flame will be generated. Therefore, the general 18650 battery will have a layer of steel shell protection. Since Tesla's battery pack is composed of 7000 or so 18650 batteries, Tesla provides a full range of protection for the battery pack, but in extreme In the event of a collision, there is still a fire hazard.

The lithium iron phosphate battery is much more stable. The battery board will not explode and burn even if it is puncture or short circuit. It will not catch fire when it is heated at 350 °C (the ternary lithium battery can't hold off at 180-250 °C). Therefore, in terms of safety performance, lithium iron phosphate battery is slightly better.

"Oh! The original security is so much worse! Is that a ternary lithium battery for the Tesla?" asked the old king.

“The ternary lithium battery has a high energy density and a higher voltage, so the battery pack with the same weight has a larger capacity, the car runs farther and the speed is faster. The Tesla Model S is fully charged. More than 400 kilometers."

△ However, since the ternary lithium battery needs to be combined with a large number of individual batteries, the battery pack is very bulky, and compared to the relatively compact size of the lithium iron phosphate battery, although it is slightly superior in power output, it has to be The side effects of the impact on the interior space of the car.

△ Officially calibrated the 335km Tengshi electric vehicle with a constant speed of 60km/h, using only 144 lithium iron phosphate batteries.

"The last time the Mavericks official said that they can recycle the battery and say that the battery has decayed. Why do you say that?" Pharaoh asked.

"Although the theoretical life of the ternary lithium battery is 2000 charge and discharge cycles, in actual use, after 900 charge and discharge cycles, the battery capacity is basically reduced to 55%. That is to say, the full charge can only run the original Half of the mileage."

"What should I do?" Pharaoh was in a hurry.

"But if the battery is charged and discharged every time it is controlled to work in 0%-50% or 25%-75% cycle, without the energy of the battery, even after 3,000 charge and discharge cycles, the battery capacity can basically remain About 70%. But this requires a very good battery management system, so Tesla will be so proud of its battery management system."

△ However, even after 3,000 times of 0-100% charge and discharge, the lithium iron phosphate battery will be attenuated to 80%, so the battery management system of the lithium iron phosphate battery is not so complicated, which further reduces the overall Car research and development costs. The picture shows a BYD pure electric bus driven by a lithium iron phosphate battery. (Image from the network)

“Is BYD using lithium iron phosphate battery because it is skinny and safe?”

"In fact, our country's lithium ore and phosphate iron phosphate reserves are abundant, and there is an advantage in manufacturing lithium iron phosphate batteries. However, China lacks cobalt ore, and it is difficult to manufacture ternary lithium batteries that must use cobalt. Therefore, many car companies in China ( Including battery companies) the development of lithium iron phosphate batteries is very realistic."

Therefore, electric vehicles that use ternary lithium batteries are currently available on the market. The power batteries are basically foreign brands (Japan Matsushita, Korea SK, etc.), and the price is also higher than that of models using lithium iron phosphate batteries (same level).

△ Beiqi EV200 adopts a ternary lithium battery produced by SK in Korea, with a theoretical cruising range of 200km, while its predecessor model EV150 uses a lithium iron phosphate battery with a cruising range of only 150km.

When commenting on the habitual opening of the mobile phone and preparing to see what new developments are in the circle of friends, Pharaoh quickly picked up the basket and turned to bid farewell to leave. Send away the pharaoh, comment on the open cell phone, the neighborhood committee Ma Dajie sent a message to the Tesla store test drive, accompanied by a familiar figure, you guess who?

The last in-stream advertisement: about the love and hate of Pharaoh, the size of the car, welcome to continue to pay attention to the car review "Lady next door" series. If there is similarity, it is purely awkward.